Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), also known as artificial insemination, is a common assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure used to help couples with infertility issues achieve pregnancy. It involves the placement of specially prepared sperm directly into the woman’s uterus, bypassing the cervix and bringing the sperm closer to the fallopian tubes where fertilization takes place.

1. Ovarian Stimulation: Before the IUI procedure, the woman may be prescribed fertility medications to stimulate the ovaries and promote the development of one or more mature eggs. Ovarian stimulation helps increase the chances of successful fertilization.
2. Monitoring the Ovulation Cycle: During ovarian stimulation, the woman’s cycle is closely monitored through ultrasounds and hormone tests to track the growth and maturation of the eggs. This monitoring helps determine the optimal timing for the IUI procedure.
3. Semen Sample Collection and Processing: On the day of the IUI procedure, the male partner or a sperm donor provides a semen sample. The semen sample is processed in the laboratory to concentrate and separate the most motile and healthy sperm from the seminal fluid.
4. Insemination Procedure: The IUI procedure is typically performed in the doctor’s office or fertility clinic. The concentrated sperm sample is then loaded into a thin, flexible catheter, which is gently inserted through the cervix and into the uterus. The catheter is used to deposit the sperm directly into the uterine cavity.
5. Rest and Monitoring: After the IUI procedure, the woman may be advised to rest for a short period. In some cases, a second IUI may be performed 24 to 48 hours after the first to increase the chances of successful fertilization.
6. Pregnancy Test: Approximately two weeks after the IUI procedure, a pregnancy test is conducted to determine if the procedure was successful.

1. Unexplained infertility:When the cause of infertility cannot be identified through standard testing.
2. Mild male factor infertility: If the male partner has a low sperm count or reduced sperm motility, but the sperm is still capable of fertilizing an egg.
3. Cervical factor infertility:When the cervix produces hostile cervical mucus that hinders sperm movement into the uterus.
4. Mild endometriosis or ovulation disorders:When other fertility factors are not significantly impaired.

IUI is a less invasive and more affordable option compared to more complex fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, its success rates can vary based on the couple’s specific fertility factors, age, and overall health. Couples considering IUI should consult with a fertility specialist to determine if it is a suitable treatment option for their particular situation.

The success rate of IUI varies depending on factors such as the woman’s age, the cause of infertility, and the number of IUI cycles attempted. On average, the success rate per cycle ranges from 10% to 20%, with cumulative success rates increasing with multiple cycles.